Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition that affects the hand and wrist. It occurs when the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the hand, becomes compressed or squeezed as it passes through the carpal tunnel—a narrow passage in the wrist formed by bones and ligaments.

The primary cause of carpal tunnel syndrome is the swelling or inflammation of the tissues within the carpal tunnel, which can be attributed to various factors. Repetitive hand movements, such as typing, writing, or using vibrating tools, are often associated with the development of CTS. Other risk factors include obesity, certain medical conditions like diabetes or arthritis, hormonal changes during pregnancy, and genetic predisposition.

Common symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include numbness, tingling, and pain in the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger. Individuals may also experience weakness in the hand and difficulty gripping objects or performing fine motor tasks. Symptoms often worsen at night or during activities that involve flexing the wrist.

Diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome involves a medical history review, physical examination, and sometimes additional tests such as nerve conduction studies or electromyography.

Treatment options depend on the severity of the symptoms. Mild cases can  be managed in the community with GP/physiotherapy help with lifestyle modifications, including rest, wrist splinting, and ergonomic adjustments to reduce strain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help alleviate pain and inflammation.

In more severe cases, when conservative measures are insufficient, medical interventions such as corticosteroid injections with GP or surgical procedures discussed with the plastic surgeons may be recommended. Surgery involves cutting the ligament that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel to alleviate pressure on the median nerve.

Preventing carpal tunnel syndrome  often depends on identifiying the underlying causes. Generally, prevention measures involves maintaining good posture, taking regular breaks during repetitive activities, and performing stretching exercises for the hands and wrists. Ergonomic modifications to workstations can also reduce the risk of developing CTS.

NHS inform has more useful information: 

• Carpal tunnel issues 
• links to videos on targeted stretches and exercises for hand and wrist.

Versus Arthritis has some excellent information on carpal tunnel including information on further support , living with the condition and ongoing research.