Hallux valgus is commonly known as a bunion, is a foot deformity where the big toe deviates laterally towards the other toes, causing a bony bump on the side of the foot. This condition can lead to pain, swelling, and difficulty wearing shoes.

They develop slowly over time and is more likely in women than men together with strong genetic links associated with the condition.

As the condition worens , pain and irritation with corns/calluses, arthritis and bursitis can follow.

Causes

• Genetics: A family history of bunions increases the risk.
• Footwear: Tight, narrow, or high-heeled shoes can contribute to the development of bunions.
• Other Conditions: Flat feet, rheumatoid arthritis, and neuromuscular conditions can also be factors.

Symptoms

• A visible bump on the side of the foot
• Pain and tenderness around the big toe joint
• Swelling and redness
• Restricted movement of the big toe

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination and confirmed with X-rays to assess the severity of the deformity either from GP or podiatrist

Treatments are split into conservative nad surgical options:

• Non-Surgical: Wearing wider shoes, using bunion pads, and taking anti-inflammatory medications can help manage symptoms.
• Surgical: In severe cases, surgery may be required to realign the bones and correct the deformity.

Prevention

• Choose comfortable, well-fitting shoes with a wide toe box.
• Avoid high heels and tight footwear.
• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on your feet.